did stegosaurus have feathers

[26], With multiple well-preserved skeletons, S. stenops preserves all regions of the body, including the limbs. The stegosaurus is an immense yet stupid herbivore often found in the plains and jungles, where it feasts on grasses, plants, and leaves. [5][2] Later in 1887, Marsh described two more species of Stegosaurus from Como Bluff, Stegosaurus duplex, based on a partial vertebral column, partial pelvis, and partial left hindlimb (YPM 1858) from Reed's Quarry 11, though the species is now seen as synonymous with Stegosaurus ungulatus. Brinkman, P. D. (2010). Though it is not always perfectly preserved, the acromion ridge is slightly larger than in Kentrosaurus. Martin, A.J. "In the groove and ready to move!" Zack shouted. [71][40] Tracks discovered by Matthew Mossbrucker (Morrison Natural History Museum, Colorado) suggest that Stegosaurus lived and traveled in multiple-age herds. This covering of spikes might have been based on a misinterpretation of the teeth, which Marsh had noted were oddly shaped, cylindrical, and found scattered, such that he thought they might turn out to be small dermal spines. (2006). Knight would go on to paint a stegosaur with a staggered double plate row in 1927 for the Field Museum of Natural History, and was followed by Rudolph F. Zallinger, who painted Stegosaurus this way in his "Age of Reptiles" mural at the Peabody Museum in 1947. [28] 2007 saw the description of a Stegosaurus specimen from the Upper Jurassic Lourinha Formation of Portugal, the specimen was placed as cf. [2] F. F. Hubbell, a collector for Cope, also found a partial Stegosaurus skeleton while digging at Como Bluff in 1877 or 78 that are now part of the Stegosaurus mount (AMNH 5752) at the American Museum of Natural History. Stegosaurus went extinct around 150 million years ago, and never lived while humans were on earth. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Stegosaurus, (genus Stegosaurus), one of the various plated dinosaurs (Stegosauria) of the Late Jurassic Period (159 million to 144 million years ago) recognizable by its spiked tail and series of large triangular bony plates along the back. The other ornithischians possessed teeth capable of grinding plant material and a jaw structure capable of movements in planes other than simply orthal (i.e. All photos used are royalty-free, and credits are included in the Alt tag of each image. A feathered dinosaur is any species of dinosaur possessing feathers. Of the species that have been classified in the upper Morrison Formation of the western US, only three are universally recognized: S. stenops, S. ungulatus and S. sulcatus. Paleontology and Geology of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation. A line of flattened, plate-like spines ran down their backs. . "Log on!" Jason shouted. . Feathered Reptiles Ruled Earth's Skies. Thus, their conception of Stegosaurus would include three valid species (S.armatus, S.homheni, and S.mjosi) and would range from the Late Jurassic of North America and Europe to the Early Cretaceous of Asia. While this includes all species of birds, there is a hypothesis that many, if not all non-avian dinosaur species also possessed feathers in some shape or form. "Appendix." [97], The Morrison Formation is interpreted as a semiarid environment with distinct wet and dry seasons, and flat floodplains. Marsh suggested that they functioned as some form of armor,[68] though Davitashvili (1961) disputed this, claiming that they were too fragile and ill-placed for defensive purposes, leaving the animal's sides unprotected. [9][11] This first reconstruction, of S. ungulatus with missing parts filled in from S. stenops, was published by Marsh in 1891. Its skull looked like a parrot, especially the beak, but with no feathers. (1986) found "extreme vascularization of the outer layer of bone",[78][76] which was seen as evidence that the plates "acted as thermoregulatory devices". [32][33], Most of the information known about Stegosaurus comes from the remains of mature animals; more recently, though, juvenile remains of Stegosaurus have been found. They are somewhat small for dinosaurs, but they are definitely way too big to live in your house! [28] Christiansen and Tschopp (2010) proposed that the display function would have been reinforced by the horny sheath which would have increased the visible surface and such horn structures are often brightly colored. Its position in the dinosaur family tree raises big questions about the origins of feathers. According to paleontologist and National Geographic grantee Jack Horner, it stands to reason that dinosaurs had similar courting behaviors as today's birds. Stegosaurus ungulatus by the describers. The model was based on Knight's latest miniature with the double row of staggered plates,[12] and was exhibited in the United States Government Building at the exposition in St. Louis before being relocated to Portland, Oregon for the Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition in 1905. Ankylosaurus And Feathers The dinosaurs' closest relatives that had the ability to fly, like the Ptesaurus, were reptiles and were not real dinosaurs. However, it has also been suggested that the plates could have helped the animal increase heat absorption from the sun. This was uncovered using the spectroscopy of lipoxidation signals, which are byproducts of oxidative phosphorylation and correlate with metabolic rates. [23] Both the AMNH and CM material has been referred to Stegosaurus ungulatus. [96] However, a 2016 study indicates that Stegosaurus's bite strength was stronger than previously believed. These variations cast doubt on the hypothesis of a strong thermoregulatory function for the plates of Stegosaurus, because such structures were not optimized in all stegosaurs for collecting or releasing heat. 233248. [42], In Stegosaurus stenops there are 27 bones in the vertebral column anterior to the sacrum, a varying number of vertebrae in the sacrum, with four in most subadults, and around 46 caudal (tail) vertebrae. Dinosaurs are land-dwelling animals. This "brain" was proposed to have given a Stegosaurus a temporary boost when it was under threat from predators. Scientists have known for years that many dinosaurs had feathers. Tail spikes. Foster, J. [7] The skeleton was shipped to Marsh in 1887, who named it Stegosaurus stenops ( "narrow-faced roof lizard") that year. The only interactions between Stegosaurus and humans are in movies and television. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [81] The use of exaggerated structures in dinosaurs as species identification has been questioned, as no such function exists in modern species. [73], The function of Stegosaurus' plates has been much debated. This interpretation is supported by the absence of front teeth and their likely replacement by a horny beak or rhamphotheca. [5], At one time, stegosaurs were described as having a "second brain" in their hips. [5] The specimen was one of many found at the quarry, the specimen consisting of a partial skull, several vertebrae, an ischium, partial limbs, several plates, and four thagomizers, though eight thagomizers were referred based on a specimen preserved alongside the type. Which basic group of dinosaur is this . Today, it is generally agreed that their spiked tails were most likely used for defense against predators, while their plates may have been used primarily for display, and secondarily for thermoregulatory functions. [76], Another possible function of the plates is they may have helped to control the body temperature of the animal,[76] in a similar way to the sails of the pelycosaurs Dimetrodon and Edaphosaurus (and modern elephant and rabbit ears). Fossils of this dinosaur are actually relatively rare, and because of this we can only speculate the other habitats this creature lived in. Did all dinosaurs have feather? [26][25][24] The Stegosaurus skeletons have been mounted alongside an Allosaurus skeleton collected in Moffat County, Colorado originally in 1979. Stegosaurus could have easily bitten through smaller green branches, but would have had difficulty with anything over 12mm in diameter. [2], The next species of Stegosaurus to be named was S. marshi by Frederick Lucas in 1901. This suggests that the different Stegosaurus species were relatively widespread. Consequently, we have determined that they have interpreted the evidence of the so-called feathered dinosaurs through an evolutionary perspective. So why does Stegosaurus have these plates? Did stegosaurus have feathers? Confirmed Stegosaurus remains have been found in the Morrison Formation's stratigraphic zones 26, with additional remains possibly referrable to Stegosaurus recovered from stratigraphic zone 1. [22] However, this classification scheme was not followed by other researchers, and a 2017 cladistic analysis co-authored by Maidment with Thomas Raven rejects the synonymy of Hesperosaurus with Stegosaurus. In their case, it contains what is called the glycogen body, a structure whose function is not definitely known, but which is postulated to facilitate the supply of glycogen to the animal's nervous system. The two juveniles are both relatively small, with the smaller individual being 1.5m (4.9ft) long, and the larger having a length of 2.6m (8.5ft). These middle Triassic reptiles, dating from about 230 million years ago, included such important genera as Eoraptor, Herrerasaurus, and Staurikosaurus; as far as paleontologists can tell, these were the first true dinosaurs, only recently evolved from their archosaur predecessors. This scenario has Stegosaurus foraging at most 1m above the ground. Prefrontal bone Predentary bone Maxilla Perforate Acetabulum, Examine the hip structure in the image of the dinosaur Stegosaurus. The spikes were probably used as defense mechanisms, while it is . [39] Stegosaurian teeth were small, triangular, and flat; wear facets show that they did grind their food. No feathers c. Feather shafts were too thin d. Feather shafts were too heavy e. No wings. Cool story have fun. [2][56] In 2015, Maidment et al. There are quill knobs in the forearm bones, while smaller species like microraptors got preserved feathers in their fossils. One subadult specimen, discovered in 1994 in Wyoming, is 4.6m (15.1ft) long and 2m (6.6ft) high, and is estimated to have weighed 1.5-2.2metric tons (1.6-2.4short tons)[34] while alive. The skull and dermal armour of, "A newly mounted skeleton of the armored dinosaur, Stegosaurus stenops, in the United States National Museum", Reconstructing an Icon: Historical Significance of the Peabodys Mounted Skeleton of, "Extinct Monsters: The Marsh Dinosaurs, Part II", "The Postcranial Skeleton of an Exceptionally Complete Individual of the Plated Dinosaur Stegosaurus stenops (Dinosauria: Thyreophora) from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Wyoming, U.S.A.", "Evidence for Sexual Dimorphism in the Plated Dinosaur Stegosaurus mjosi (Ornithischia, Stegosauria) from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Western USA". Like most plant-eating dinosaurs, it had no teeth in the front of its mouth, but only a beak. So there's about just as much time between us and T. rex as there is between T. rex and Stegosaurus, so they never would have met each other. 3. [25] Initially, Marsh described S.ungulatus as having eight spikes in its tail, unlike S.stenops. Here's a Stegosaurus skin: No feathers, but armour only. But the paleontologist who first discovered a Stegosaurus fossil thought the plates laid flat on its back like a turtle's shell. If its filaments are related to the proto-feathers of the theropods (which is possible but not. Many dinosaurs may have been covered in elaborate feathers similar to those of modern-day birds, according to a study of new fossils. The presacrals are divided into cervical (neck) and dorsal (back) vertebrae, with around 10 cervicals and 17 dorsals, the total number being one greater than in Hesperosaurus, two greater than Huayangosaurus, although Miragaia preserves 17 cervicals and an unknown number of dorsals. We know very little about the reproduction of these dinosaurs. The stegosaurs of the Sauriermuseum Aathal. The Stegosaurus had a large gut that was responsible for its digestion and breakdown of nutrients aided by gastroliths. Chure, Daniel J.; Litwin, Ron; Hasiotis, Stephen T.; Evanoff, Emmett; and Carpenter, Kenneth (2006). Oxford, Blackwell Publishing. Stegosaurus defended itself by attacking its enemies with its spiked tail.Allosaurus bones have been found with holes made by Stegosaurus tail spikes.. Unlike the sturdy jaws and grinding teeth common to its fellow ornithischians, Stegosaurus (and all stegosaurians) had small, peg-shaped teeth that have been observed with horizontal wear facets associated with tooth-food contact[92] and their unusual jaws were probably capable of only orthal (up-down) movements. Did T Rexes Have Feather? Flexible, armorlike scales protected the throat of Stegosaurus.. Bony plates. This indicates that the plates were covered in keratinous sheaths. The competition was foremost started by the American Museum of Natural History, the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, and the Field Museum of Natural History which all sent expeditions to the west to make their own dinosaur collections and mount skeletons in their fossil halls. Paleontologists think feathers may have first evolved to keep dinosaurs warm. [85], S. stenops had four dermal spikes, each about 6090cm (2.03.0ft) long. In it, the researchers claimed that Tyrannosaurus and its relatives, collectively known as Tyrannosaurids, did not have feathers. Following renovations to the museum in the 2010s, the model was moved once again for display at the Museum of the Earth in Ithaca, New York. Until 1918, the only mounted skeleton of Stegosaurus in the world was O. C. Marsh's type specimen of S. ungulatus at the Peabody Museum of Natural History, which was put on display in 1910. In terms of its, sometimes unique, physical characteristics, Carnotaurus was known for its unique features, including its flat snout, horns above its eyes, teeny tiny arms and long, muscular legs. Due to the fragmentary nature of most early Stegosaurus fossil finds, it took many years before reasonably accurate restorations of this dinosaur could be produced. Mounted under the direction of Charles J. Many dinosaurs may have been covered in elaborate feathers similar to those of modern-day birds, according to a study of new fossils. [79], The thermoregulation hypothesis has been seriously questioned, since other stegosaurs such as Kentrosaurus, had more low surface area spikes than plates, implying that cooling was not important enough to require specialized structural formations such as plates. Overall, these creatures were short, stout, and powerfully built. Stegosaurs lost the armour from the flanks of the body that these early relatives had. Stegosaurus had a relatively low brain-to-body mass ratio. Farther posteriorly, the proportionately larger the cervicals become, although they do not change greatly in anything other than size. [3] Though several more complete specimens have been attributed to Stegosaurus armatus, preparation of the bones and analysis has discovered that this type specimen is actually dubious, which is not an ideal situation for the type species of a well-known genus like Stegosaurus. [101], Marsh published his more accurate skeletal reconstruction of Stegosaurus in 1891, and within a decade Stegosaurus had become among the most-illustrated types of dinosaur. Down feathers were found on a pterosaur, so the fibers most of them have are indeed true proto-feathers. Galton noted that the plates in S. stenops have been found articulated in two staggered rows, rather than paired. Although Stegosaurus is undoubtedly now considered to have been quadrupedal, some discussion has occurred over whether it could have reared up on its hind legs, using its tail to form a tripod with its hind limbs, to browse for higher foliage. Two years ago a study claimed to have found fossil evidence of "protofeathers . These creatures are most often encountered in herds, which are vicious enough as a group that only the most brazen predators dare attack them. Additional support for this idea was a punctured tail vertebra of an Allosaurus into which a tail spike fits perfectly. . Introduction to the Study of Dinosaurs. The bony plates on Stegosaurus's back were set . [75] Christiansen and Tschopp (2010), having studied a well-preserved specimen of Hesperosaurus with skin impressions, concluded that the plates were covered in a keratin sheath which would have strengthened the plate as a whole and provided it with sharp cutting edges. An average Stegosaurus was around 20 feet (6.1 meters) long, and weighed 2 tons. 2. 10 besttroodon 5 yr. ago Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Based on this data, it is likely Stegosaurus also ate woodier, tougher plants such as cycads, perhaps even acting as a means of spreading cycad seeds. [103], Early skeletal mounts and plate interpretation. [22] The Carnegie Museum in Pittsburgh on the other hand collected many Stegosaurus specimens, first at Freezout Hills in Carbon County, Wyoming in 190203. 71-69 mya. 'roof-lizard') is a genus of herbivorous, four-legged, armored dinosaur from the Late Jurassic, characterized by the distinctive kite-shaped upright plates along their backs and spikes on their tails. Spinosaurus was a giant meat-eating dinosaur that grew to lengths of 18 m (60 ft.). Feathers evolved before flight and may have functioned as . C. 2. That means they were made on day six of creation (Genesis 1:24 . The function of this array of plates and spikes has been the subject of much speculation among scientists. In Hesperosaurus there are two dorsosacrals, and only four fused sacrals, but in Kentrosaurus there may be as many as seven vertebrae in the sacrum, with both dorsosacrals and caudosacrals. . [74] A 2015 study of the shapes and sizes of Hesperosaurus plates suggested that they were sexually dimorphic, with wide plates belonging to males and taller plates belonging to females. Why were cheeks so important? While this includes all species of birds, there is a hypothesis that many, if not all non-avian dinosaur species also possessed feathers in some shape or form. Stegosaurus had much longer hind legs than forelegs, and very strong muscles around its hips. "Ready to roll!" I shouted. Some decorative bristles could work with Stegosaurus. Stegosaurus was extinct for 66 million years before Tyrannosaurus walked on Earth. [98], Dinosaurs that lived alongside Stegosaurus included theropods Allosaurus, Saurophaganax, Torvosaurus, Ceratosaurus, Marshosaurus, Stokesosaurus, Ornitholestes, Coelurus and Tanycolagreus. 8 -10 feet. This was supported by elongated vertebrae (bones that make up the spinal column). [45] Some have suggested that plates in stegosaurs were used to allow individuals to identify members of their species. They walked on four short legs, had small heads, and long tails capped with defensive spines.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[468,60],'animals_net-medrectangle-4','ezslot_3',121,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-animals_net-medrectangle-4-0'); A line of flattened, plate-like spines ran down their backs. Fossils of the genus have been found in the western United States and in Portugal, where they are found in Kimmeridgian- to Tithonian-aged strata, dating to between 155 and 145million years ago. . [100], One of the most recognizable of all dinosaurs,[40] Stegosaurus has been depicted on film, in cartoons and comics and as children's toys. Stegosaurus (/stsrs/;[1] lit. Sophie was first discovered by Bob Simon in 2003 at the Red Canyon Quarry near Shell, Wyoming and was excavated by crews from the Swiss Sauriermuseum in 2004. Become a member and. [26][30] The skeleton was excavated on private land, so it was interned by US federal authorities who then gave Sophie to the Natural History Museum, London where it was put on display in December of 2014 and later described in 2015. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is the bone at the front of the lower jaw in an Ornithischian Dinosaur called? It had a short neck and a small head, meaning it most likely ate low-lying bushes and shrubs. But T. rex didn't live until about 80 million years ago, up until about 65 million years ago in the great extinction event. The first known skeletons were fragmentary and the bones were scattered, and it would be many years before the true appearance of these animals, including their posture and plate arrangement, became well understood. Yes, Diplodocus fossils reveal that these giants had five sacral vertebrae, no different than other vertebrates, including humans. [68] He had changed his mind, however, by 1891, after considering the heavy build of the animal. Four possible plate arrangements have been proposed over the years: After the end of the Bone Wars, many major institutions in the eastern United States were inspired by the depictions and finds by Marsh and Cope to assemble their own dinosaur fossil collections. Since a cooling trend occurred towards the end of the Jurassic, a large ectothermic reptile might have used the increased surface area afforded by the plates to absorb radiation from the sun. History and evolution of stegosaurus in China. So there is now more evidence that perhaps, yes, Tyrannosaurus Rex did have feathers! Stegosaurus would have lived alongside dinosaurs such as Apatosaurus, Diplodocus, Camarasaurus and Allosaurus, the latter of which may have preyed on it. Did T. rex have fur or feathers? Meet fierce, birdlike, armored, and giant dinosaurs from hundreds of millions of years ago! Stegosaurus, or Triceratops, are still alive. )[7], The skeleton of S. stenops has since been deposited at the National Museum of Natural History in Washington D. C., where it has been on display since 1915. The scapula (shoulder blade) is sub-rectangular, with a robust blade. 560 pp. Stegosaur track assemblage from Xinjiang, China, featuring the smallest known stegosaur record. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'animals_net-box-4','ezslot_5',115,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-animals_net-box-4-0');We know they lived in areas that were semiarid, with a wet season and a dry season. Again under Lucas, Knight revised his version of Stegosaurus again two years later, producing a model with a staggered double row of plates. There were flat floodplains, savannas dominated by ferns and the occasional tree, and forests. One skeleton collected at the site known as "Victoria" is very well preserved including many of the vertebrae preserved in semi-articulation and next to an Allosaurus skeleton found nicknamed "Big Al II". S. stenops reached 6.5m (21.3ft) in length and 3.5 metric tons (3.9 short tons) in body mass, while S. ungulatus reached 7m (23.0ft) in length and 3.8 metric tons (4.2 short tons) in body mass. It has a pubis and ischium that both point towards the posterior of the animal. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. [51] in 2017, Raven and Maidment published a new phylogenetic analysis, including almost every known stegosaurian genus:[52][53].mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.1em;padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}, Many of the species initially described have since been considered to be invalid or synonymous with earlier named species,[5] leaving two well-known and one poorly known species. [40], Despite the animal's overall size, the braincase of Stegosaurus was small, being no larger than that of a dog. The bony plates along its back were embedded in the skin of the animal, not attached to its skeleton, which is why in most . During the Mesozoic Era (a period of more than 180 million years that included the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous periods), a species of non-avian dinosaur evolved into a species of avian dinosaur. 7-8 meters. On the sides of the jaws it had tiny, palm-shaped cheek teeth for chewing soft vegetation. Score: 4.3/5 (1 votes) . [13], In a 2010 review of Stegosaurus species, Peter Galton suggested that the arrangement of the plates on the back may have varied between species, and that the pattern of plates as viewed in profile may have been important for species recognition. Maidment, S. C. (2010). Despite its popularity in books and film, mounted skeletons of Stegosaurus did not become a staple of major natural history museums until the mid-20th century, and many museums have had to assemble composite displays from several different specimens due to a lack of complete skeletons. The dinosaurs with hips that . (In 1893, Richard Lydekker mistakenly re-published Marsh's drawing under the label Hypsirhophus. Simply put, 150 million years ago, some incredibly large creatures walked the earth. The fact that an animal weighing over 4.5metric tons (5short tons) could have a brain of no more than 80g (2.8oz) contributed to the popular old idea that all dinosaurs were unintelligent, an idea now largely rejected. By the early 1960s, this had become (and remains) the prevalent idea, mainly because some, This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 02:57. And just how closely related T. rex to a chicken Award-winning journalist John Pickrell reveals how dinosaurs developed flight and became the birds in our backyards. The fossils included only a couple postcranial remains, though in the 1900s-1920s Carnegie crews at Dinosaur National Monument discovered dozens of Stegosaurus specimens in one of the greatest single sites for the taxon. . Bakker suggested in 1986 that the plates were covered in horn comparing the surface of the fossilized plates to the bony cores of horns in other animals known or thought to bear horns. Though they were large by our standards, the other dinosaurs that roamed while Stegosaurus was alive dwarfed it. This art shows a relative of Triceratops (Pachyrhinosaurus) with a thick fur-like feathery covering, which some people have suggested is feasible given its northerly range.. Its great to see that people are warming up to the idea of feathered dinosaurs though, because I have a . Fossils of the genus have been found in the western United States and in Portugal, where they are found in Kimmeridgian- to Tithonian-aged . In its own period, the late Jurassic, Stegosaurus was a relative minnow, sharing the planet with giant sauropods like Diplodocus and large predators like Allosaurus.Weighing up to 7 metric tons, its mass was similar to that of a large elephant. The skull's low position suggests that Stegosaurus may have been a browser of low-growing vegetation. [70], Stegosaurus had short fore limbs in relation to its hind limbs. Because the plates contained many blood vessels, the alternating placement appears consistent with a hypothesis of thermoregulation. [26] The hind feet each had three short toes, while each fore foot had five toes; only the inner two toes had a blunt hoof. Spinosaurus had a huge sail on its back. [74] Nevertheless, others have continued to support a defensive function. It had passive defensive strategies like swinging its Stegosaurus tail for protection. [35], The long and narrow skull was small in proportion to the body. [3] Marsh initially believed the remains were from an aquatic turtle-like animal, and the basis for its scientific name, 'roof(ed) lizard' was due to his early belief that the plates lay flat over the animal's back, overlapping like the shingles (tiles) on a roof. Stegosaurus is a genus of armored dinosaur, with large bone plates along its neck, back and tail. Scant evidence in the fossil record has never been definitive - until now, scientists say. The Stegosaurus is another famous dinosaur species that has captivated our imagination.

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