mikhail gorbachev quizlet
e. a referendum for the ERA. [331] In October 1988 Gorbachev was able to consolidate his power by his election to the chairmanship of the presidium of the Supreme Soviet (the national legislature). [350] He decided that the presidential election should be held by the Congress of People's Deputies. . [333] Some Eastern Bloc leaders, like Hungary's Jnos Kdr and Poland's Wojciech Jaruzelski, were sympathetic to reform; others, like Romania's Nicolae Ceauescu, were hostile to it. [268], Although the next party congress was not scheduled until 1991, Gorbachev convened the 19th Party Conference in its place in June 1988. [462] After pro-Yeltsin parties did poorly in the 1993 legislative election, Gorbachev called on him to resign. c. Republicans brought more women into public office than any other party, but actively legislated for men's rights. He was willing to condone illegal activity if it would silence his political enemies. [537], Gorbachev's political outlook was shaped by the 23 years he served as a party official in Stavropol. Throughout 1989 he had seized every opportunity to voice his support for reformist communists in the Soviet-bloc countries of eastern Europe, and, when communist regimes in those countries collapsed like dominoes late that year, Gorbachev tacitly acquiesced in their fall. [213] From this point, tensions between the two men developed into a mutual hatred. 17. Gorbachev, Tear Down This Wall!: Reagans Berlin Speech, 25th Anniversary of the End of the Soviet Union, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mikhail-Gorbachev, Academy of Achievement - Biography of Mikhail S. Gorbachev, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Mikhail Gorbachev, GlobalSecurity.org - Mikhail S. Gorbachev, Age of the Sage - Transmitting the Wisdoms of the Ages - Biography of Mikhail Gorbachev, RT Russiapedia - Biography of Mikhail Gorbachev, Mikhail Gorbachev - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Mikhail Gorbachev - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Boris Yeltsin; collapse of the Soviet Union. Mikhail Gorbachev was named a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) in 1971. c. Nixon's Vietnam strategy to have American troops gradually withdraw and South Vietnamese troops assume more of the fighting. By increasing the tariff. [210] Like many members of the government, Gorbachev was skeptical of Yeltsin, believing that he engaged in too much self-promotion. [13] Gorbachev's maternal grandfather joined the Communist Party and helped form the village's first kolkhoz (collective farm) in 1929, becoming its chair. In this context, Gorbachev argued that the Communist Party had to adapt and engage in creative thinking much as Lenin had creatively interpreted and adapted the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels to the situation of early 20th century Russia. e. the Committee to Reelect the President's (CREEP's) headquarters. As he gained a national reputation, he came to the attention of two important party leaders: Mikhail Suslov, who was responsible for Party ideology. (Hint: There is more than one way to correct the sentences, but your revised paragraph needs [224], Gorbachev had inherited a renewed period of high tension in the Cold War. [243] After the plenum, he focused his attentions on economic reform, holding discussions with government officials and economists. [420][421] Several members of the coup committed suicide; others were fired. C. A new high jump record was set when the athlete cleared the bar at seven feet. b. In 2011, an eightieth birthday gala for him was held at London's Royal Albert Hall, featuring tributes from Shimon Peres, Lech Wasa, Michel Rocard, and Arnold Schwarzenegger. b. low inflation rates. [624], United Nations secretary-general Antnio Guterres said Gorbachev was a "one-of-a-kind statesman who changed the course of history and a towering global leader, committed multilateralist, and tireless advocate for peace", as former U.S. Secretary of State James Baker III stated that "history will remember Mikhail Gorbachev as a giant who steered his great nation towards democracy" in the context of the Cold War's conclusion. [120] To fill this position, Gorbachev and his wife moved to Moscow, where they were initially given an old dacha outside the city. b. insisted on more local control and resisted the power of the federal government. [424][425] From then on, the country collapsed with dramatic speed. [562] He sent his daughter, his only child, to a local school in Stavropol rather than to a school set aside for the children of party elites. [270] This congress would in turn elect a USSR Supreme Soviet, which would do most of the legislating. e. upheld the practices of racial housing segregation. [195] As a result, crime rates fell and life expectancy grew slightly between 1986 and 1987. [401] Soviet troops occupied several Vilnius buildings and attacked protesters,[402] 15 of whom were killed. Hence the idea of NATO expansion". They accepted him without asking for an exam, likely because of his worker-peasant origins and his possession of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. c. supported democratic reforms in Iran. Some of you look at the market as a lifesaver for your economies. [340] In most countries, like Poland and Hungary, this was achieved peacefully, but in Romania, the revolution turned violent, and led to Ceauescu's overthrow and execution. [7] His relationship with his father, Sergey Andreyevich Gorbachev, was close; his mother, Maria Panteleyevna Gorbacheva (ne Gopkalo), was colder and punitive. d. All of the choices are correct. For other people with the surname, see, Himself as Chairman of the SupremeSoviet, Secretary of the Central Committee of CPSU, Forming the Congress of People's Deputies, Nationality question and the Eastern Bloc, 19901991: Presidency of the Soviet Union, 19992008: Promoting social democracy in Putin's Russia, 20082022: Growing criticism of Putin and foreign policy remarks. Delivered to a ceremonial joint session of the Central Committee and the Supreme Soviet in the Kremlin Palace of Congresses, it praised Lenin but criticized Stalin for overseeing mass human rights abuses. b. the policy of containment. [14] This farm was 19 kilometres (12mi) outside Privolnoye village and when he was three years old, Gorbachev left his parental home and moved into the kolkhoz with his maternal grandparents. "Der 19. e. high income tax rates. [391] The 500 Days plan was abandoned. e. first pursued and then abandoned by the Nixon administration. [289] In May 1987, Gorbachev again visited France, and in November 1988 Mitterrand visited him in Moscow. Mikhail Gorbachev resigned the presidency of the Soviet Union on December 25, 1991. a. created the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB). c. reversed the economic policies of his predecessor. He became a candidate member of the Politburo in 1979 and a full member in 1980. It was there that Gorbachev proposed to the Duma a law that would reduce many of the presidential powers established by Yeltsin's 1993 constitution. [554] Gorbachev reached an adult height of 5foot 9inches (1.75m). [653], The historian Mark Galeotti stressed the connection between Gorbachev and his predecessor, Andropov. Scholars are puzzled why Gorbachev never pursued a written pledge. [410] Two weeks into his holiday, a group of senior Communist Party figuresthe "Gang of Eight"calling themselves the State Committee on the State of Emergency launched a coup d'tat to seize control of the Soviet Union. He enacted policies of glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring), and he pushed for disarmament and demilitarization in eastern Europe. [178] The Soviet Union was behind the United States in many areas of production,[179] but Gorbachev claimed that it would accelerate industrial output to match that of the U.S. by 2000. [436][437] On 20 December, the leaders of 11 of the 12 remaining republics all except Georgia met in Kazakhstan and signed the Alma-Ata Protocol, agreeing to dismantle the Soviet Union and formally establish the CIS. a. upheld the constitutionality of state laws outlawing homosexual acts. [335] He and Ceauescu disliked each other, and argued over Gorbachev's reforms. a. accused Reagan of presiding over an "evil empire." [481] McCauley suggested that by at least June 1991 Gorbachev was a "post-Leninist", having "liberated himself" from MarxismLeninism. [641] Taubman regarded Gorbachev as being "exceptional as a Russian ruler and a world statesman", highlighting that he avoided the "traditional, authoritarian, anti-Western norm" of both predecessors like Brezhnev and successors like Putin. [162] To the West, Gorbachev was seen as a more moderate and less threatening Soviet leader; some Western commentators however believed this an act to lull Western governments into a false sense of security. [417], That evening, Gorbachev returned to Moscow, where he thanked Yeltsin and the protesters for helping to undermine the coup. 7. What led to food shortages in the USSR. Talks are vital, but neither side needs to lose face, says ex-Soviet leader", "Mikhail Gorbachev says Nato is escalating Cold War with Russia 'into a hot one', "The Latest: Gorbachev has high hopes for Putin-Trump summit", "Gorbachev says Trump's nuclear treaty withdrawal 'not the work of a great mind', "Former Soviet Leader Gorbachev Lauds George HW Bush for Political Abilities, Character", " ", "Gorbachev: US-Russia relations of 'great concern' but salvageable", "Gorbachev says U.S. became 'arrogant' after Soviet Union collapsed", " - Solenka.info -", "How Gorbachev's political legacy was destroyed by Putin", "Last Soviet leader Gorbachev, who ended Cold War and won Nobel prize, dies aged 91", "Mikhail Gorbachev, who steered Soviet breakup, dead at 91", "Mikhail Gorbachev, Soviet president who took down the Iron Curtain, dies", ": ", " ", "Mikhail Gorbachev was hospitalized in the Central Clinical Hospital", " ", " ", " ", " : 12 | StarHit.ru", " : ", " ", " : ", " 40 : - TOPNews.RU", ": 40 ", " 3 ", "Gorbachev buried in Moscow in funeral snubbed by Putin", " ", " ", "Russia's Putin expresses deepest condolences on death of Gorbachev -Interfax", "Putin will not attend Gorbachev's funeral", "Praise and Blame: How Russia Reacted to the Death of Gorbachev", "Mikhail Gorbachev, former Soviet leader, dies global reaction", "Message from Her Majesty the Queen to the Russian People", "Mikhail Gorbachev: World leaders react to death of last Soviet leader", "Global reactions to the death of last Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev", "West mourns Gorbachev the peacemaker, Russia recalls his failures", "Reactions to the death of last Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev", "Biden, Putin and other leaders react to Mikhail Gorbachev's death", "Suing Gorbachev 31 years after the USSR's collapse, a group of Lithuanians sought to hold its last leader to account", "Mikhail S. Gorbachev, Reformist Soviet Leader, Is Dead at 91", "Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation & Library", "CIDADOS ESTRANGEIROS AGRACIADOS COM ORDENS PORTUGUESAS Pgina Oficial das Ordens Honorficas Portuguesas", "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement", "Previous Recipients of Keys to the City", "Prokofiev Peter and the Wolf Beintus Wolf Tracks", "Theatre play "Gorbachev" about Mikhail Gorbachev", "BWW Review: Gorbachev at The State Theatre Of Nations", "The Gorbachev Anti-Alcohol Campaign and Russia's Mortality Crisis", Bibliography of the Russian Revolution and Civil War, Bibliography of Stalinism and the Soviet Union, Bibliography of the Post Stalinist Soviet Union, ? to make sense as a whole.) [117] In 1977, the Supreme Soviet appointed Gorbachev to chair the Standing Commission on Youth Affairs due to his experience with mobilizing young people in Komsomol. In 1978, he returned to Moscow to become a Secretary of the party's Central Committee, and in 1979 joined its governing Politburo. E. After clearing the bar at seven feet, a new high jump record was set. d. They had secured federal censorship of pornography. b. Mikhail Gorbachev's policy of freedoms was known as: The Soviet Union collapsed in part because of: Which of the following events preceded the independence of Soviet satellites? [131] At the time, he was the Politburo's youngest member. The nations with the most population growth are usually the poorest. [16] This was followed by the Great Purge, in which individuals accused of being "enemies of the people", including those sympathetic to rival interpretations of Marxism like Trotskyism, were arrested and interned in labor camps, if not executed. e. The destruction of Viet Kong in Vietnam. He leaves behind an important legacy,"[626] while former Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney said that "he was a very pleasant man to deal with" and "history will remember him as a transformational leader". The following year, he married his wife, Raisa. [605] In November 2016, Gorbachev had a pacemaker installed at the Moscow Central Clinical Hospital. This called for further decentralization and some privatization. [94], In April 1970, Yefremov was promoted to a higher position in Moscow and Gorbachev succeeded him as the First Secretary of the Stavropol kraikom. [560] He was protective of his private life and avoided inviting people to his home. They understood that the popular gay movement could convert hundreds and thousands of impressionable youth. perestroika, (Russian: "restructuring") program instituted in the Soviet Union by Mikhail Gorbachev in the mid-1980s to restructure Soviet economic and political policy. [465], In contrast to her husband's political activities, Raisa had focused on campaigning for children's charities. [485] He rejected the ideaexpressed by Bushthat the U.S. had "won" the Cold War, arguing that both sides had cooperated to end the conflict. d. One person was found guilty in this killing of 350 civilians, but was released in 1974. e. the draft process had unfairly drafted the poor and minorities, while white, middle-class men were often exempt. Concern that the federal government planned to cut federal funding for state and national parks in the West. [232] The summit ended with a joint commitment to avoiding nuclear war and to meet for two further summits: in Washington D.C. in 1986 and in Moscow in 1987. Gorbachev served as the last general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (198591) as well as the last president of the Soviet Union (199091). [565] Since studying at university, Gorbachev considered himself an intellectual;[35] Doder and Branson thought that "his intellectualism was slightly self-conscious",[566] noting that unlike most Russian intelligentsia, Gorbachev was not closely connected "to the world of science, culture, the arts, or education". e. resulted in a rise in economic inequality. [217] Several days after it occurred, he gave a televised report to the nation. Tuesday, August 7, 2018. 48. b. inaugurated political openness and economic reform in the Soviet Union. [69] Gorbachev was among those who saw themselves as "genuine Marxists" or "genuine Leninists" in contrast to what they regarded as the perversions of Stalin. [8] His parents were poor,[9] and lived as peasants. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Richard Nixon's New Federalism: a. proposed a decrease in funding for Social Security. [398] His support among the intelligentsia was declining,[399] and by the end of 1990 his approval ratings had plummeted. Gorbachev was a true believer in the Communist system, yet at the same time it was he who took the Soviet Union . [648] Conversely, many of his Communist Party critics thought his reforms were reckless and threatened the survival of Soviet socialism;[649] some believed he should have followed the example of China's Communist Party and restricted himself to economic rather than governmental reforms. The invasion of Cambodia. 29 1991 . N 2371-I " , ", " 06.11.1991 . [433] He desperately looked for an opportunity to preserve the Soviet Union, hoping in vain that the media and intelligentsia might rally against the idea of its dissolution. [131], After Brezhnev's death in November 1982, Andropov succeeded him as General Secretary of the Communist Party, the de facto leader in the Soviet Union. c. They succeeded in mandating the labeling of explicit lyrics for hip-hop albums. [443][444] The following day, 26 December, the Soviet of the Republics, the upper house of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, formally voted the country out of existence. [217] From April to the end of the year, Gorbachev became increasingly open in his criticism of the Soviet system, including food production, state bureaucracy, the military draft, and the large size of the prison population. It did not result in fewer funds for libraries and schools, as opponents claimed it would. [442] Gorbachev was the third out of eight Soviet leaders, after Malenkov and Khrushchev, not to die in office. In 1985, reform-minded Mikhail Gorbachev came to power as General Secretary of the Soviet Union. He was the eighth and last leader of the Soviet Union having served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991 when the party was dissolved. [614][615] Russian president Vladimir Putin bid an official farewell to Gorbachev on 1 September 2022 during a visit to the Central Clinical Hospital, where he laid flowers at his coffin. A series of crop failures 1972.
