kassites in the bible

), whose kings were native Babylonians. They reportedly dominated this territory from roughly the twelfth through the tenth centuries B.C.E. ; Cancik-Kirschbaum, 1996, no. Kassites. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. In addition, they had neither cultic nor familial ties with the northern Babylonian temple cities (see Richardson, 2002, pp. Bibliography 257 Environment, Series II, Memoirs IV. 150 f.; see Balkan, 1954, pp. 144 ff.). This region became increasingly unsafe, especially during the reign of Samsuditana, the last ruler of the Hammurabi dynasty. Namri was named Babil, i.e., Babylon, in Urartian inscriptions, according to Diakonoff and Kashkai (1979, pp. Chr. 1360 to 1220 BCE. )], Buga[u?] 23. What Are The Names of the Thieves Crucified With Christ. There are very few filiations with the father bearing a Babylonian name. From the letters of Adbi-Heba it is clearly seen that he is having severe trouble with the Apiru. [55] Other similar glass dated 1500 BC was found at Tell al-Rimah. Early on, refurbishments were conducted of the various religious and administrative buildings, the first of these datable to Kurigalzu I. For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. 2014. 354 f.). However, Huber (1999-2000, p. 289b) doubts the mere three-year interval. I read the Bible four times as a child I thought I believed different from everyone else. "The Archaeology of Elam: Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State." The documents reveal a centralized administration under the governor of Nippur and its province. Dilmun (modern Bahrain) in the Persian Gulf was ruled by a Kassite governor. Abraham was from the city of Ur according to Genesis 11:31 above. Kassites. Die Tontafeln der Grabung Robert Koldeweys 18991917." A number of the Amarna Letters are correspondence between the respective rulers (including 14 between the Pharaoh and the Kassite ruler). The opinion of W. Eilers (1957-58, pp. A culture that rules babylonia from the 16th and 12th centuries BC. 131 f.). For the mineral, see, Brinkman, J. 4 (Dec., 1991), pp. 5 ff. The name Cushan is considered a translation for Kassite or northwest Mesopotamia. 163-69). The Kassites left no cultural impact in Babylonia. A new dynasty emerged about 1750 BC by a foreign people known as the Kassites. For a time I said I was an atheist. While the term Kushite is generally understood as meaning black African, several places in the Bible refer to other locations as Kush, including Midian, the home of Moses' wife Zipporah. 1150-985 BCE), viz., the second dynasty of Isin, the second dynasty of the Sealand, and the Bazi dynasty, had Akkadian, Kassite, and hybrid (Akkadian-Kassite) names. Kassite, member of an ancient people known primarily for establishing the second, or middle, Babylonian dynasty; they were believed (perhaps wrongly) to have originated in the Zagros Mountains of Iran. They were the Babylonians in the south and the Assyrians to the north. 164 f.) and Hatti. Temples were granted whole villages with the tillers, who stood in dependency and an exploitation relationship (see Oelsner, 1982a, 1982b). Selves Engraved on Stone: Seals and Identity in the Ancient Near East, ca. The section concludes with a brief appendix (chapter 45). Zamua, which was originally Lullubian (see LULUBI), had only one pertinent toponym, namely,Ban-ba-la, which may be the Kassite form of Babylon. If one judges by the onomasticon, the individuals bearing Kassite names were 7.72-5.31 percent of the general sample from Greater Media, i.e., the second group after the Iranians, whose percentage was 45.37-32.36 percent (see Zadok, 2002, pp. It was located near the Euphrates River . Following this event, his grandfather Aur-uballi invaded Babylonia to place Kurigalzu II (1327-03 BCE) on the throne. [34] Being in close proximity the Assyrians and Kassites often came into political and military conflict over the next few centuries. G. Dosch and K. Deller, Die Familie Kizzuk - sieben Kassitengenerationen in Temtena und uriniwe, in M. A. Morrison, and D. I. Owen, eds., Studies on the Civilization and Culture of Nuzi and the Hurrians in Honor of Ernest R. Lacheman on his 75th Birthday, Winona Lake, 1981, pp. D. Charpin, propos des rois de Hana, Nouvelles Assyriologiques Brves et Utilitaires, 1995, no. It was in the area between this Havilah and Shur that Saul defeated the Amalekites and captured Agag, their king (I Sam. The Kissites used their alliances to help repel enemies and to establish a trade. kassites in the bible. Scholars today are still debating the historical identity of the Cushites. 19-38. But Babylonia remained a world power: the Hittite king Hattuili III contacted Kadaman-Enlil II (1258-50 BCE) when the latter became king, in order to continue their good relations. 32, no. [51] It is found in many Moesoptamia cities including Eridu and Tell Khaiber. According to the accounts in Genesis, and the dates that follow throughout the entirety of the era of Kings and Judges, the Exodus occurred in 1312bce, which is 2448 years from the creation of Adam. A Middle Babylonian Legal Document Raising Problems in Kassite Chronology. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. Important sources for reconstructing the Kassite Dynasty are kudurrus. This negative find, compared with the hypothetical appearance of Kassite names in the documents from Old Babylonian Susa, may strengthen the case for an eastern origin of the Kassites. Idem, Beitrge zur Verwaltung und Gesellschaft Babyloniens in der Kassitenzeit, Baghdader Forschungen 21, Mainz, 2001. K. Jaritz, Die kassitische Sprachreste, Anthropos 52, 1957, pp. (Adaside dynasty1700722 BCE)Bel-bani Libaya Sharma-Adad I Iptar-Sin Bazaya Lullaya Shu-Ninua Sharma-Adad II Erishum III Shamshi-Adad II Ishme-Dagan II Shamshi-Adad III Ashur-nirari I Puzur-Ashur III Enlil-nasir I Nur-ili Ashur-shaduni Ashur-rabi I Ashur-nadin-ahhe I Enlil-Nasir II Ashur-nirari II Ashur-bel-nisheshu Ashur-rim-nisheshu Ashur-nadin-ahhe II, Second Intermediate PeriodSixteenthDynasty The state sector, namely, the royal family, bureaucrats, priests, artisans, and attached labor (dependents and slaves of the palaces and temples), seems to have been the dominant one in the economy of Kassite Babylonia. 1-14. A. Brinkman, Kassiten (Kass), RLA, vol. There is good reason for thinking that the Kassites were once neighbors of Indo-Europeans, in view of some affinities between their pantheon and the Indo-Aryan one (see Bloomfield, 1904; Balkan, 1986, p. 8; Eilers, 1957-58, p. 136 ad srya-). The archive originates, not from the temple, but from the palace of the governor (andabakku, Sumerian U.EN.NA) of Nippur (see Balkan, 1986, p. 8). The implication is that whatever pertains to the historical Jesus Christ belongs to the "New" and whatever pertains to the people among whom Jesus grew up belongs to the "Old". The Kassites: The History and Legacy of the Ancient Civilization that Hittites, Kassites and Mitanni Children's Middle Eastern History Books, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. They had some distinct words for their language, but they borrowed most of their dialect from the Babylonian people. However, the river is only 175 . 45-92, Pinches, T. G. The Question of the Kassite Language. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 1907, pp. They had encountered many different kingdoms and tribes before they reached their destination. However, it should be remembered that there are many fewer texts from other parts of the Kassite state. [6] As was typical in the region, there was some cross pollination with other religions. One interesting aspect of these letters is that they are written in Akkadian cuneiform and not Egyptian. Coss(a)ei, Cossiaei, etc., i.e., Kassites (along with he Kissa as the name of the Kassites country; see Weissbach, 1921, 1922; Eilers, 1957-58, p. 135; Brinkman, 1976-80, p. 471b). Goblets and wavy sided bowls are commonly found in Kassite pottery deposits. In Mark William Chavalas (ed.). At least three toponyms in Mannea, another three in Gizilbunda, and one in eastern Media are explicable in Kassite terms. Mid-12th Century. The specific purpose and intent of this entry is to present research on biblical synchronisms; references to the same or supposedly same historical events from multiple cultures. The Kassites produced a substantial amount of pottery. World History Encyclopedia. While the period of enslavement by the Egyptians meant that the Israelites would certainly not be writing anything down, it did not prevent the Egyptians from documenting certain things. 3, 1973, pp. Where Archaeology Meets The Bible: Kassite Peri Where Archaeology Meets The Bible: Middle Babylonian Period [1000 - 625 BCE] | Dust Off The Bible. del Monte and Tischler, 1978, p. 344; Belmonte Marn, 2001, pp. The Interpreter's Commentary on the Bible p. 5. 421 f.). And I realized all my beliefs like what Edison believed came from the Bible. Since they had chariots, they were not nomadic, but were fully settled in segregated rural encampments. [7], Documentation of the Kassite period depends heavily on the scattered and disarticulated tablets from Nippur, where thousands of tablets and fragments have been excavated. 1-26. Edens 1994, p. 213), the Kassite rulers reconstructed old cities in various parts of the country. Their direct or indirect ties to the Middle Euphrates region enhanced their communication with the Hittites who controlled parts of northern Syria, so they might have been instrumental in enabling the temporary conquest of Babylon by the Hittite king Telipinu, who put an end to Hammurabis dynasty in 1595 BCE and eventually gave way for the Kassite rule in Babylonia. Idem, The Representation of Foreigners in Neo- and Late-Babylonian Legal Documents (Eighth-Second Centuries B.C.E. Christ's first name, Jesus, was Yeshua. How does violence against the family pet affect the family? The Kassite (or presumably such) clans are Bimat (including the houses [h] of Nanakt) and possibly the Samhar (De Graef, 1998, pp. This is when they are shown on the Biblical Timeline with world history. 41, no. 15:7). Before entering Mesopotamia they were illiterate mountain people speaking a language that is not known today. ISBN 978-9004430914. (Louvre, Paris; photo: Steven Zucker, CC BY-NC-SA 2.0) The only Kassite deities who had temples in Kassite Babylonia were the patron deities of the royal family, uqamuna and umaliya. The private sector, i.e., free families and clans living in urban and rural settlements and represented in community assemblies, included private artisans. Kassite, member of an ancient people known primarily for establishing the second, or middle, Babylonian dynasty; they were believed (perhaps wrongly) to have The Kassites influenced Babylonian culture after they took over the city-state. Kassite period. 3 Where did the Kassite people originally come from? There are numerous accounts in both Akkadian and Canaanite literature that speak of the religious nature of the area, which affirms the biblical accounts. The governor of Nippur was in charge of an economic organization, which collected numerous agricultural deliveries and imposts from broad parts of Babylonia. The Kassite Dynasty refurbished many of the ancient Babylonian cities and constructed a new city called Dur Kurigalzu (named after one of the Kassite kings) near modern Baghdad. L. Sassmannshausen, The Adaptation of the Kassites to the Babylonian Civilization, in K. van Lerberghe and G. Voet, eds., Languages and Cultures in Contact. The opening of Joshua, chapter 10, describes the King of Jerusalem being afraid because of the capturing of Ai and Jericho by Joshua during battle. After this point, the Kassites had faded into obscurity. 4, 1965, pp. ISBN 0-521-563585. pp. Sassmannshausen, 1999, p. 413, n. 22). How much longer should the Sun remain in its stable phase? history of Mesopotamia: The Kassites in Babylonia. Les Kassites, un peuple antique qui n'tait ni indo-europen, ni smite, tait originaire du Lorestan. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. . [20] Other important centers during the Kassite period were Larsa, Sippar and Susa. The Kassites abandoned their own culture after a couple of generations of dominance, allowing themselves to be absorbed into Babylonian civilization. Later rule shifted to the new city of Dur-Kurigalzu. Astour, Michael C. The Name of the Ninth Kassite Ruler. Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. 14155, Hjlund, Flemming. How did the American colonies actually win the war and gain their Independence from Britain? 45-52. This temple was probably one of the most important institutions of Kassite Babylonia. Jahresband, 1969, pp. What does a 3 digit interstate numbers mean? J. "6. The attempt of A. Ancillotti (1981) to demonstrate that Kassite is originally an Indo-Aryan language is not convincing. Several individuals with Kassite names are recorded in the prism of Tunip-Teup from Tikunani (ca. This relief shows 3 different peoples essentially having Egyptian rule placed over them. Christ was an incarnation of Yah-Veh. The Hittites had carried off the idol of the god Marduk, but the Kassite rulers regained possession, returned Marduk to Babylon, and made him the equal of the Kassite Shuqamuna. [57] The images created by these seals were unique to each seal, but many shared the same subject matter. Babylonia under the Sealand and Kassite Dynasties, edited by Susanne Paulus and Tim Clayden, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2020, pp. Last modified August 03, 2011. 1-44, van Koppen, Frans. Several suspected Kassite names are recorded in Ur III economic documents from southern Babylonia, but it is not known whence these individuals originally came (Zadok, 1987, p. 16; 1993, pp. First mentioned in Elamite texts of the late 3rd millennium bc, they penetrated into Mesopotamia in the 2nd millennium,. 39:1-45:5 - the most detailed account in the Old Testament of Babylon conquest of Jerusalem and its aftermath. J. Fincke, Die Orts- und Gewssernamen der Nuzi-Texte, Rpertoire Gographique des Textes Cuniformes 10, Wiesbaden, 1993. 233-42. F. H. Weissbach, he Kissa, in Pauly-Wissowa, RE 21, 1921, pp. This period is marked by a building hiatus at Babylon, similar to the one after the fall of the First Babylonian dynasty. At some point between the 14th and 9th centuries BCE, the great ziggurat of Babylon was built which would later become associated with the Tower of Babel. Louvre Museum, reference AO 22355, (Shamshi-Adad dynasty18081736 BCE)(Amorites)Shamshi-Adad I Ishme-Dagan I Mut-Ashkur Rimush Asinum Ashur-dugul Ashur-apla-idi Nasir-Sin Sin-namir Ipqi-Ishtar Adad-salulu Adasi But, dont take my word for all of that. A. Belmonte Marn, Die Orts- und Gewssernamen der Texte aus Syrien im 2. How Long Was Joseph In Potiphars House? It is possible that the Habiru in the Amarna Letters are a mix of Hebrews from Egypt and also local rebels from the previous Hebrew peoples, like Abraham was. Volume 1 Kardunia. According to Genesis 10, they were the descendants of Heth, son of Canaan, who was the son of Ham, born of Noah (Genesis 10: 1-6). After the Hittites' surgeon Babylon, the Kassites, coming from the North, North-East, settled in Babylon and founded their dynasty by Agum. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Babylonia was divided into two kingdoms, that of the Kassites in the north and the Sealand in the south, including Uruk, Ur, and Larsa. A terminus post quem for the Kassites penetration into the Middle Euphrates region and Upper Mesopotamia in general can be deduced from the absence of Kassite names.in the rich documentation from early Old Babylonian Mari, Tuttul, Tall Lln, and Chaghar Bazar. "Kassitisch und Hurro-Urartisch. A. Hittite, member of an ancient Indo-European people who appeared in Anatolia at the beginning of the 2nd millennium bce; by 1340 bce they had become one of the dominant powers of the Middle East. 165-74. [18] Often situated on the surface, many were found early and made their way to museums around the world. Trustees of the British Museum. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Eight among the last kings of the Kassite dynasty have Akkadian names. They gained control of Babylonia after the Hittite sack of Babylon in 1531 BC, and established a dynasty generally assumed to have been based first in that city, after a hiatus. World History Encyclopedia, 03 Aug 2011. 31217, Levine, Louis D. "Geographical Studies in the Neo-Assyrian ZagrosI." "uqamuna und u/imalija." First mentioned in the Bible is the record of Genesis 10:8-10 which names Nimrod, the grandson of Ham, as the founder of the city in the dim prehistoric past. and debt slaves, thereby containing internal inequalities of wealth and legal status (slave-free continuum: see Brinkman, 1982). Most belong to the archives of the guenna (provincial governor) of the city of Nippur and seem to indicate a feudal system of government during the 14th and 13th centuries. 470 f.; Sassmannshausen, 1999, pp. What Is The Eye Of The Needle (Matthew 19:23-24 / Mark 10:25)? After the invasion of Tukulti-Ninurta I the Kassite rulers of Babylonia bore a mixture of Akkadian and Kassite names. 86 ff.). The Assyrians Reception of a victorious. A Guide to 5 What kind of government did the Kassites have? 11, no. What type of medicine do you put on a burn? [1] By the time of Babylon's fall, the Kassites had already been part of the region for a century and a half, acting sometimes with the Babylon's interests and sometimes against. M. Stol, Studies in Old Babylonian History, Publications de lInstitut historique-archologique nerlandais de Stamboul 40, Leiden, 1975. Your email address will not be published. Museum, B. Over the centuries, however, the Kassites were absorbed into the Babylonian population. I; Chronicles conserning early babylonian Studies in Eastern History, II. Museum, British. ). Iraq, vol. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. The rulers of Allabria, Hubukia, and Ginguhtu, regions in the direction of present-day West Azerbaijan Province, Iran, bore Kassite names (Ianzi-buria, Ianz, and Ursi respectively). During this time, in the 1300s bce, Assyria broke away from Babylonia. 42-122, 2022, Buchanan, Briggs. 279-84. Along with pictures of important people, places, and events, you will learn about the Kassites like never before. Kassite rulers built temples to Babylonian deities. BIBL 410 W EEKLY S TUDY Q UESTION 4 One Blood/Introduction to Abraham Answer thoroughly the following questions based on this module/week's Reading & Study material: 1. The date and the exact conditions of this seizure of power are unknown to us, the first decades of the Kassite dynasty being unknown to us. "16. The Kassite kings were called, by themselves and their colleagues in other Near Eastern states, kings of the land of Kar(an)dunia, the latter being a term for Babylonia that may have been Kassite in origin (del Monte and Tischler, 1978, pp. 6, no. Aarhus Univ. 93-111, Schulman, Alan R. Diplomatic Marriage in the Egyptian New Kingdom. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. AbydosDynasty : The Documentary Evidence, AJA 76, 1972, pp. The Kassites, a tribe from the Zagros mountains in present-day Iran, arrived in Babylonia and filled a vacuum left by the Hittite invasion. The Kassites seem to be relatively new to the region, in view of the fact that they do not appear among the peoples who inhabited the central and southern Zagros according to Sargonic and Ur III sources. 1499-1503. First mentioned in Elamite texts of the late 3rd millennium bc, they penetrated into Mesopotamia in the 2nd millennium, Their capital city was Dur-Kurigalzu. There is only soft evidence about whether or not the Habiru are actually the Hebrews. The Babylonians - Learn about ancient Babylon and the people who lived there. "Babylon in the Second Millennium BCE: New Insights on the Transitions from Old Babylonian to Kassite and Isin II Periods". (1998, p. 83) advocate a lower chronology, thereby narrowing the gap between the end of the Old Babylonian period and, ca. K. Balkan, Kassitenstudien, 1: Die Sprache der Kassiten, American Oriental Series 37, New Haven, 1954. A 300-year Middle Eastern Dark lasted from 1157 to 883 B.C. Gezer has been captured; Kassite Dynasty (List of Kings) Gandash, 16 years Agum I (s), 22 years MacGinnis, J. Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University. 421-436. The fall of Babylon is reported by a number of ancient sources, including the Cyrus Cylinder, the Greek historian Herodotus, as well as a number of books in the Old Testament. Balkan (1968, p. 7) is of the opinion that between the king and the people there was a stratum of nobles, who mostly belonged to the royal family or the palace. Richardson (2002, p. 347) is of the opinion that the fortresses were forerunners of the later Kassite feudal communities. Remnants of two Kassite glass beakers were found during the 1964 excavation in a (c. 800 BC) destruction layer of Hasanlu, in northwest Iran. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Clayden, Tim. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. (2015). The Journal of Ancient EgyptianInterconnections makes a very strong argument that it is not representing Israel but the field is quite divided on this piece.

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